ROLE OF IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL VARIANTS IN MULTIPLE MYELOMA

Abstract

During the study of bone marrow samples of patients with suspected multiple myeloma (MM), it is advisable to look for markers such as CD138, CD56, and CD117 to confirm the diagnosis. Expression of these markers in plasma cells is a hallmark of MM, helping to differentiate it from other types of plasma disorders. In addition to studying immunohistochemical variants of MM, it is important to investigate cytogenetic abnormalities in patients with this disease. Cytogenetics involves the study of chromosomal abnormalities in cells that may play an important role in the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of MM. One of the most common cytogenetic abnormalities seen in MM is the translocation of the immunoglobulin heavy chain gene on chromosome 14, known as t. This translocation is associated with poor prognosis and resistance to standard therapy. Other cytogenetic abnormalities, such as deletion of chromosome 17p or amplification of chromosome 1q, can also affect the clinical course of a given pathology and influence treatment outcomes. Thus, expression of these markers may provide valuable information about disease aggressiveness and aid in treatment decisions.