ENVIRONMENTAL INSURANCE AS A FACTOR IN ENSURING ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY

Abstract

The acceleration of industrial production and the growing complexity of global supply chains have substantially increased the frequency and magnitude of anthropogenic environmental incidents. Oil spills, chemical plant accidents, industrial waste contamination, and diffuse pollution from agricultural activities generate ecological damage whose economic valuation frequently exceeds the financial capacity of responsible enterprises. As a result, remediation costs are disproportionately absorbed by public budgets and affected communities rather than by polluting entities, creating a persistent moral hazard at the interface of economic activity and environmental governance (Faure & Grimeaud, 2003).